PETRAS Publications

@article{art-lustgarten_public_2017,

title = {Public priorities and consumer preferences for selected attributes of automated vehicles},

author = {Paulina Lustgarten and Scott Le Vine},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs40534-017-0147-5},

doi = {10.1007/s40534-017-0147-5},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-11-16},

volume = {26},

number = {1},

pages = {72--79},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},

abstract = {Public opinion and consumer preferences are among the various constraints on the rollout of automated cars, as they will affect the decision-making of both automotive industry actors and public-sector regulators. This study contributes to the growing body of the literature regarding this issue, through a moderate-scale survey (n = 370) that incorporated both prioritization/attitudinal questions (regarding public opinion) and a stated-preference module (to identify consumer preferences). The survey protocol includes a stated-preference approach to investigate consumers' preferences for the possibility of very high rates of speed in automated cars on long-distance journeys. We found separately identifiable effects for average travel speeds (manifested as journey duration) and maximum travel speed in the stated-preference scenarios. In the 'prioritization' component of the survey, respondents ranked having the 'highest possible level of safety' as the single most important benefit that they would like automated cars to deliver, ahead of benefits such as being able to performing activities while traveling or having traffic congestion reduced. This result has consequences for the car-following distances that are programmed into the control algorithms of automated cars. Documenting this finding is important, as decisions must be made in the near future by driving-algorithm designers, public-sector regulators, and ultimately the judiciary regarding the guidelines for acceptable automated driving-behavior instructions.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{art-berthelot_self_2018,

title = {A Self-Calibrated Tissue Viability Sensor for Free Flap Monitoring},

author = {Melissa Berthelot and Guang-Zhong Yang and Benny P. L. Lo},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1109%2Fjbhi.2017.2773998},

doi = {10.1109/jbhi.2017.2773998},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-11-15},

volume = {22},

number = {1},

pages = {5--14},

publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)},

abstract = {In fasciocutaneous free flap surgery, close postoperative monitoring is crucial for detecting flap failure, as around 10% of cases require additional surgery due to compromised anastomosis. Different biochemical and biophysical techniques have been developed for continuous flap monitoring, however, they all have shortcoming in terms of reliability, elevated cost, potential risks to the patient, and inability to adapt to the patient's phenotype. A wearable wireless device based on near infrared spectroscopy has been developed for continuous blood flow and perfusion monitoring by quantifying tissue oxygen saturation (StO 2 ). This miniaturized and low-cost device is designed for postoperative monitoring of flap viability. With self-calibration, the device can adapt itself to the characteristics of the patients' skin such as tone and thickness. An extensive study was conducted with 32 volunteers. The experimental results show that the device can obtain reliable StO 2 measurements across different phenotypes (age, sex, skin tone, and thickness). To assess its ability to detect flap failure, the sensor was tested in a pilot animal study. Free groin flaps were performed on 16 Sprague Dawley rats. Results demonstrate the accuracy of the sensor in assessing flap viability and identifying the origin of failure (venous or arterial thrombosis).},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{art-taddeo_trusting_2017,

title = {Trusting Digital Technologies Correctly},

author = {Mariarosaria Taddeo},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11023-017-9450-5},

doi = {10.1007/s11023-017-9450-5},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-11-15},

volume = {27},

number = {4},

pages = {565--568},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},

abstract = {Trust is a facilitator of interactions among the members of a system, would these be human agents, artificial agents or a combination of both (a hybrid system). Elsewhere, I argued that the occurrences of trust are related to, and affect, pre-existing relations, like purchasing, negotiation, communication, and delegation (Taddeo 2010a, 2010b). Trust is not to be considered a relation itself but a property of relations, something that changes the way relations occur. Consider, for example, a case of communication. Alice talks to Bob and she informs him that the grocery store down the road is closed for the day, as Bob trusts Alice he believes her and decides not to walk to the shop to double check, instead he starts searching for an alternative place for his grocery. Between Alice and Bob there is a first-order relation, the communication, which ranges over the two agents, and there is the second-order property of trust that ranges over the first-order-relation and affects the way it occurs.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{art-zhu_wolfpath_2017,

title = {WolfPath: Accelerating Iterative Traversing-Based Graph Processing Algorithms on GPU},

author = {Huanzhou Zhu and Ligang He and Songling Fu and Rui Li and Xie Han and Zhangjie Fu and Yongjian Hu and Chang-Tsun Li},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10766-017-0533-y},

doi = {10.1007/s10766-017-0533-y},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-11-14},

volume = {47},

number = {4},

pages = {644--667},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},

abstract = {There is the significant interest nowadays in developing the frameworks of parallelizing the processing for the large graphs such as social networks, Web graphs, etc. Most parallel graph processing frameworks employ iterative processing model. However, by benchmarking the state-of-art GPU-based graph processing frameworks, we observed that the performance of iterative traversing-based graph algorithms (such as Bread First Search, Single Source Shortest Path and so on) on GPU is limited by the frequent data exchange between host and GPU. In order to tackle the problem, we develop a GPU-based graph framework called WolfPath to accelerate the processing of iterative traversing-based graph processing algorithms. In WolfPath, the iterative process is guided by the graph diameter to eliminate the frequent data exchange between host and GPU. To accomplish this goal, WolfPath proposes a data structure called Layered Edge list to represent the graph, from which the graph diameter is known before the start of graph processing. In order to enhance the applicability of our WolfPath framework, a graph preprocessing algorithm is also developed in this work to convert any graph into the format of the Layered Edge list. We conducted extensive experiments to verify the effectiveness of WolfPath. The experimental results show that WolfPath achieves significant speedup over the state-of-art GPU-based in-memory and out-of-memory graph processing frameworks.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

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}

@article{art-heinis_data_2017,

title = {Data Infrastructure for Medical Research},

author = {Thomas Heinis and Anastasia Ailamaki},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1561%2F1900000050},

doi = {10.1561/1900000050},

issn = {1931-7891},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-11-08},

volume = {8},

number = {3},

pages = {131--238},

publisher = {Now Publishers},

abstract = {While we are witnessing rapid growth in data across the sciences and in many applications, this growth is particularly remarkable in the medical domain, be it because of higher resolution instruments and diagnostic tools (e.g. MRI), new sources of structured data like activity trackers, the wide-spread use of electronic health records and many others. The sheer volume of the data is not, however, the only challenge to be faced when using medical data for research. Other crucial challenges include data heterogeneity, data quality, data privacy and so on. In this article, we review solutions addressing these challenges by discussing the current state of the art in the areas of data integration, data cleaning, data privacy, scalable data access and processing in the context of medical data. The techniques and tools we present will give practitioners - computer scientists and medical researchers alike - a starting point to understand the challenges and solutions and ultimately to analyse medical data and gain better and quicker insights.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{art-floridi_infraethicson_2017,

title = {Infraethics\textemdashon the Conditions of Possibility of Morality},

author = {Luciano Floridi},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs13347-017-0291-1},

doi = {10.1007/s13347-017-0291-1},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-10-30},

volume = {30},

number = {4},

pages = {391--394},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},

abstract = {It is a sign of our times that, when politicians speak of infrastructure nowadays, they often have in mind information and communication technologies (ICTs). They are not wrong. From success in business to cyber-conflicts, what makes contemporary societies work depends increasingly on bits rather than atoms. Depending on their digital infrastructures, societies may grow and prosper. And it is their ICTs that often represent one of their weakest sides, in terms of cyber security. We know all this. What is less obvious, and philosophically more interesting, is that ICTs also seem to have unveiled a new sort of equation.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{art-zhang_privbayes_2017,

title = {PrivBayes: Private Data Release via Bayesian Networks},

author = {Jun Zhang and Graham Cormode and Cecilia Magdalena Procopiuc and Divesh Srivastava and Xiaokui Xiao},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1145%2F3134428},

doi = {10.1145/3134428},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-10-27},

volume = {42},

number = {4},

pages = {1--41},

publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)},

abstract = {Privacy-preserving data publishing is an important problem that has been the focus of extensive study. The state-of-the-art solution for this problem is differential privacy, which offers a strong degree of privacy protection without making restrictive assumptions about the adversary. Existing techniques using differential privacy, however, cannot effectively handle the publication of high-dimensional data. In particular, when the input dataset contains a large number of attributes, existing methods require injecting a prohibitive amount of noise compared to the signal in the data, which renders the published data next to useless. 

 To address the deficiency of the existing methods, this paper presents PrivBayes, a differentially private method for releasing high-dimensional data. Given a dataset D, PrivBayes first constructs a Bayesian network N, which (i) provides a succinct model of the correlations among the attributes in D and (ii) allows us to approximate the distribution of data in D using a set P of low-dimensional marginals of D. After that, PrivBayes injects noise into each marginal in P to ensure differential privacy and then uses the noisy marginals and the Bayesian network to construct an approximation of the data distribution in D. Finally, PrivBayes samples tuples from the approximate distribution to construct a synthetic dataset, and then releases the synthetic data. Intuitively, PrivBayes circumvents the curse of dimensionality, as it injects noise into the low-dimensional marginals in P instead of the high-dimensional dataset D. Private construction of Bayesian networks turns out to be significantly challenging, and we introduce a novel approach that uses a surrogate function for mutual information to build the model more accurately. We experimentally evaluate PrivBayes on real data and demonstrate that it significantly outperforms existing solutions in terms of accuracy.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{art-vine_vehicle_2017,

title = {Vehicle automation and freeway `pipeline' capacity in the context of legal standards of care},

author = {Scott Le Vine and You Kong and Xiaobo Liu and John W. Polak},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11116-017-9825-8},

doi = {10.1007/s11116-017-9825-8},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-10-20},

volume = {46},

number = {4},

pages = {1215--1244},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},

abstract = {The study evaluates, in the context of freeway segments, the interaction between automated cars' kinematic capabilities and the standard legal requirement for the operator of an automobile to not strike items that are in its path (known as the 'Assured Clear Distance Ahead' criterion). The objective is to characterize the impacts of ACDA-compliant driving behavior on the system-level indicator of roadway-network capacity. We assess the barriers to automated cars operating non-ACDA-compliant driving strategies, develop a straightforward ACDA-compliant automated-driving model to analytically estimate freeway 'pipeline' capacity, compare this behavior to human drivers, and interpret quantitative findings which are based on a range of rationally-specified parameter values and explicitly account for kinematic uncertainty. We demonstrate that automated cars pursuing ACDA-compliant driving strategies would have distinctive "fundamental diagrams" (relationships between speed and flow). Our results suggest that such automated-driving strategies (under a baseline set of assumptions) would sustain higher flow rates at free-flow speeds than human drivers, however at higher traffic volumes the rate of degradation in speed due to congestion would be steeper. ACDA-compliant automated cars also would have a higher level of maximum-achievable throughput, though the impact on maximum throughput at free-flow speed depends on the specific interpretation of ACDA. We also present a novel quantification of the tradeoff between freeway-capacity and various degrees of safety (one failure in 100,000 events, one failure in 1,000,000, etc.) that explicitly accounts for the irreducible uncertainty in emergency braking performance, by drawing on empirical distributions of braking distance testing. Finally, we assess the vulnerability of ACDA-compliant automated cars to lateral 'cut-ins' by vehicles making lane changes. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of policy questions and research needs.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{art-li_fast_2017,

title = {A fast source-oriented image clustering method for digital forensics},

author = {Chang-Tsun Li and Xufeng Lin},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs13640-017-0217-y},

doi = {10.1186/s13640-017-0217-y},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-10-16},

volume = {2017},

number = {1},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},

abstract = {We present in this paper an algorithm that is capable of clustering images taken by an unknown number of unknown digital cameras into groups, such that each contains only images taken by the same source camera. It first extracts a sensor pattern noise (SPN) from each image, which serves as the fingerprint of the camera that has taken the image. The image clustering is performed based on the pairwise correlations between camera fingerprints extracted from images. During this process, each SPN is treated as a random variable and a Markov random field (MRF) approach is employed to iteratively assign a class label to each SPN (i.e., random variable). The clustering process requires no a priori knowledge about the dataset from the user. A concise yet effective cost function is formulated to allow different "neighbors" different voting power in determining the class label of the image in question depending on their similarities. Comparative experiments were carried out on the Dresden image database to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed clustering algorithm.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{art-nurse_security_2017,

title = {Security Risk Assessment in Internet of Things Systems},

author = {Jason R. C. Nurse and Sadie Creese and David Charles De Roure},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1109%2Fmitp.2017.3680959},

doi = {10.1109/mitp.2017.3680959},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-10-04},

volume = {19},

number = {5},

pages = {20--26},

publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)},

abstract = {Information security risk assessment methods have served us well over the past two decades. They have provided a tool for organizations and governments to use in protecting themselves against pertinent risks. As the complexity, pervasiveness, and automation of technology systems increases and cyberspace matures, particularly with the Internet of Things (IoT), there is a strong argument that we will need new approaches to assess risk and build trust. The challenge with simply extending existing assessment methodologies to IoT systems is that we could be blind to new risks arising in such ecosystems. These risks could be related to the high degrees of connectivity present or the coupling of digital, cyber-physical, and social systems. This article makes the case for new methodologies to assess risk in this context that consider the dynamics and uniqueness of the IoT while maintaining the rigor of best practice in risk assessment.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{art-tomic_survey_2017a,

title = {A Survey of Potential Security Issues in Existing Wireless Sensor Network Protocols},

author = {Ivana Tomi\'{c} and Julie A. McCann},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1109%2Fjiot.2017.2749883},

doi = {10.1109/jiot.2017.2749883},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-09-07},

volume = {4},

number = {6},

pages = {1910--1923},

publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)},

abstract = {The increasing pervasiveness of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in diverse application domains including critical infrastructure systems, sets an extremely high security bar in the design of WSN systems to exploit their full benefits, increasing trust while avoiding loss. Nevertheless, a combination of resource restrictions and the physical exposure of sensor devices inevitably cause such networks to be vulnerable to security threats, both external and internal. While several researchers have provided a set of open problems and challenges in WSN security and privacy, there is a gap in the systematic study of the security implications arising from the nature of existing communication protocols in WSNs. Therefore, we have carried out a deep-dive into the main security mechanisms and their effects on the most popular protocols and standards used in WSN deployments, i.e., IEEE 802.15.4, Berkeley media access control for low-power sensor networks, IPv6 over low-power wireless personal area networks, outing protocol for routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks (RPL), backpressure collection protocol, collection tree protocol, and constrained application protocol, where potential security threats and existing countermeasures are discussed at each layer of WSN stack. This paper culminates in a deeper analysis of network layer attacks deployed against the RPL routing protocol. We quantify the impact of individual attacks on the performance of a network using the Cooja network simulator. Finally, we discuss new research opportunities in network layer security and how to use Cooja as a benchmark for developing new defenses for WSN systems.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{art-lindley_why_2017,

title = {Why the Internet of Things needs Object Orientated Ontology},

author = {Joseph Galen Lindley and Paul Coulton and Rachel Cooper},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14606925.2017.1352796},

doi = {10.1080/14606925.2017.1352796},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-09-06},

volume = {20},

number = {sup1},

pages = {S2846--S2857},

publisher = {Informa UK Limited},

abstract = {The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of connected devices with inputs and outputs operating in, and on, the physical world. The network is simultaneously fed by, and feeds into, data streams flowing across digital-physical boundaries, connecting sensors, servers, actuators, devices, and people. 'Things' of all types, lightbulbs, doorbells, kettles and cars, discretely-but-visibly do their jobs. Meanwhile in the unseen digital domain, where data swirls imperceptible to humans, the atmosphere is thick with the rapidly-moving data packets and content that constitute inter-machine chatter. Contrasting the visible calm in the physical world with obscured bedlam in the digital otherworld sets the scene for the argument we present in this paper. Applying Object Orientated Ontology, IoT designers may reimagine data, devices, and users, as equally significant actants in a flat ontology. In this paper, we exemplify our arguments by creating a Design Fiction around a reimagined 'smart kettle'.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{art-choi_efficient_2017,

title = {Efficient mining of regional movement patterns in semantic trajectories},

author = {Dong-Wan Choi and Jian Pei and Thomas Heinis},

url = {https://doi.org/10.14778%2F3151106.3151111},

doi = {10.14778/3151106.3151111},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-09-01},

volume = {10},

number = {13},

pages = {2073--2084},

publisher = {VLDB Endowment},

abstract = {Semantic trajectory pattern mining is becoming more and more important with the rapidly growing volumes of semantically rich trajectory data. Extracting sequential patterns in semantic trajectories plays a key role in understanding semantic behaviour of human movement, which can widely be used in many applications such as location-based advertising, road capacity optimisation, and urban planning. However, most of existing works on semantic trajectory pattern mining focus on the entire spatial area, leading to missing some locally significant patterns within a region. Based on this motivation, this paper studies a regional semantic trajectory pattern mining problem, aiming at identifying all the regional sequential patterns in semantic trajectories. Specifically, we propose a new density scheme to quantify the frequency of a particular pattern in space, and thereby formulate a new mining problem of finding all the regions in which such a pattern densely occurs. For the proposed problem, we develop an efficient mining algorithm, called RegMiner (\underline{Reg}ional Semantic Trajectory Pattern \underline{Miner}), which effectively reveals movement patterns that are locally frequent in such a region but not necessarily dominant in the entire space. Our empirical study using real trajectory data shows that RegMiner finds many interesting local patterns that are hard to find by a state-of-the-art global pattern mining scheme, and it also runs several orders of magnitude faster than the global pattern mining algorithm.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{art-maple_security_2017,

title = {Security and privacy in the internet of things},

author = {Carsten Maple},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1080%2F23738871.2017.1366536},

doi = {10.1080/23738871.2017.1366536},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-08-24},

volume = {2},

number = {2},

pages = {155--184},

publisher = {Informa UK Limited},

abstract = {The internet of things (IoT) is a technology that has the capacity to revolutionise the way that we live, in sectors ranging from transport to health, from entertainment to our interactions with government. This fantastic opportunity also presents a number of significant challenges. The growth in the number of devices and the speed of that growth presents challenges to our security and freedoms as we battle to develop policies, standards, and governance that shape this development without stifling innovation. This paper discusses the evolution of the IoT, its various definitions, and some of its key application areas. Security and privacy considerations and challenges that lie ahead are discussed both generally and in the context of these applications.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{art-lei_blockchain_2017,

title = {Blockchain-Based Dynamic Key Management for Heterogeneous Intelligent Transportation Systems},

author = {Ao Lei and Haitham Cruickshank and Yue Cao and Philip Asuquo and Chibueze P. Anyigor Ogah and Zhili Sun},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1109%2Fjiot.2017.2740569},

doi = {10.1109/jiot.2017.2740569},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-08-15},

volume = {4},

number = {6},

pages = {1832--1843},

publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)},

abstract = {As modern vehicle and communication technologies advanced apace, people begin to believe that the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) would be achievable in one decade. ITS introduces information technology to the transportation infrastructures and aims to improve road safety and traffic efficiency. However, security is still a main concern in vehicular communication systems (VCSs). This can be addressed through secured group broadcast. Therefore, secure key management schemes are considered as a critical technique for network security. In this paper, we propose a framework for providing secure key management within the heterogeneous network. The security managers (SMs) play a key role in the framework by capturing the vehicle departure information, encapsulating block to transport keys and then executing rekeying to vehicles within the same security domain. The first part of this framework is a novel network topology based on a decentralized blockchain structure. The blockchain concept is proposed to simplify the distributed key management in heterogeneous VCS domains. The second part of the framework uses the dynamic transaction collection period to further reduce the key transfer time during vehicles handover. Extensive simulations and analysis show the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed framework, in which the blockchain structure performs better in term of key transfer time than the structure with a central manager, while the dynamic scheme allows SMs to flexibly fit various traffic levels.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{art-mittelstadt_ethics_2017,

title = {Ethics of the health-related internet of things: a narrative review},

author = {Brent Daniel Mittelstadt},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10676-017-9426-4},

doi = {10.1007/s10676-017-9426-4},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-07-04},

volume = {19},

number = {3},

pages = {157--175},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},

abstract = {The internet of things is increasingly spreading into the domain of medical and social care. Internet-enabled devices for monitoring and managing the health and well-being of users outside of traditional medical institutions have rapidly become common tools to support healthcare. Health-related internet of things (H-IoT) technologies increasingly play a key role in health management, for purposes including disease prevention, real-time tele-monitoring of patient's functions, testing of treatments, fitness and well-being monitoring, medication dispensation, and health research data collection. H-IoT promises many benefits for health and healthcare. However, it also raises a host of ethical problems stemming from the inherent risks of Internet enabled devices, the sensitivity of health-related data, and their impact on the delivery of healthcare. This paper maps the main ethical problems that have been identified by the relevant literature and identifies key themes in the on-going debate on ethical problems concerning H-IoT.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{art-mittelstadt_designing_2017,

title = {Designing the Health-related Internet of Things: Ethical Principles and Guidelines},

author = {Brent Daniel Mittelstadt},

url = {https://doi.org/10.3390%2Finfo8030077},

doi = {10.3390/info8030077},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-07-01},

volume = {8},

number = {3},

pages = {77},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {The conjunction of wireless computing, ubiquitous Internet access, and the miniaturisation of sensors have opened the door for technological applications that can monitor health and well-being outside of formal healthcare systems. The health-related Internet of Things (H-IoT) increasingly plays a key role in health management by providing real-time tele-monitoring of patients, testing of treatments, actuation of medical devices, and fitness and well-being monitoring. Given its numerous applications and proposed benefits, adoption by medical and social care institutions and consumers may be rapid. However, a host of ethical concerns are also raised that must be addressed. The inherent sensitivity of health-related data being generated and latent risks of Internet-enabled devices pose serious challenges. Users, already in a vulnerable position as patients, face a seemingly impossible task to retain control over their data due to the scale, scope and complexity of systems that create, aggregate, and analyse personal health data. In response, the H-IoT must be designed to be technologically robust and scientifically reliable, while also remaining ethically responsible, trustworthy, and respectful of user rights and interests. To assist developers of the H-IoT, this paper describes nine principles and nine guidelines for ethical design of H-IoT devices and data protocols.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{art-katsaros_cost_2017,

title = {A cost-effective SCTP extension for hybrid vehicular networks},

author = {Konstantinos Katsaros and Mehrdad Dianati},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs41650-017-0021-y},

doi = {10.1007/s41650-017-0021-y},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-06-22},

volume = {2},

number = {2},

pages = {18--29},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},

abstract = {Connected vehicles are promoted with the use of different communication technologies for diverse applications and services. There is an ongoing debate in the research and industry communities whether short range communications based on IEEE 802.11p or cellular based on 3GPP LTE should be used for vehicular communications. We propose a mechanism to utilise both short range and cellular communications simultaneously in a cost efficient way while providing the required quality of service to the users. A host connected to multiple networks is referred to as a multi-homed node and SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol) is an IETF standard which supports multi-homing. We propose an extension to SCTP that takes into account not only path quality but also the cost of using each network. It is shown that the combination of QoS and cost information increases economic benefits for provider and end-users, while providing increased packet throughput.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{art-bures_software_2017,

title = {Software Engineering for Smart Cyber-Physical Systems},

author = {Tom\'{a}\v{s} Bure\v{s} and Danny Weyns and Bradley Schmer and Eduardo Tovar and Eric Boden and Thomas Gabor and Ilias Gerostathopoulos and Pragya Kirti Gupta and Eunsuk Kang and Alessia Knauss and Pankesh Patel and Awais Rashid and Ivan Ruchkin and Roykrong Sukkerd and Christos Tsigkanos},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1145%2F3089649.3089656},

doi = {10.1145/3089649.3089656},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-06-12},

volume = {42},

number = {2},

pages = {19--24},

publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)},

abstract = {Smart Cyber--Physical Systems (sCPS) are modern CPS systems that are engineered to seamlessly integrate a large number of computation and physical components; they need to control entities in their environment in a smart and collective way to achieve a high degree of effectiveness and efficiency. At the same time, these systems are supposed to be safe and secure, deal with environment dynamicity and uncertainty, cope with external threats, and optimize their behavior to achieve the best possible outcome. This "smartness" typically stems from highly cooperative behavior, self--awareness, self--adaptation, and selfoptimization. Most of the "smartness" is implemented in software, which makes the software one of the most complex and most critical constituents of sCPS. As the specifics of sCPS render traditional software engineering approaches not directly applicable, new and innovative approaches to software engineering of sCPS need to be sought. This paper reports on the results of the Second International Workshop on Software Engineering for Smart Cyber--Physical Systems (SEsCPS 2016), which specifically focuses on challenges and promising solutions in the area of software engineering for sCPS.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{art-coulton_vapourworlds_2017,

title = {Vapourworlds and Design Fiction: The Role of Intentionality},

author = {Paul Coulton and Joseph Galen Lindley},

doi = {10.1080/14606925.2017.1352960},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-06-06},

volume = {20},

number = {sup1},

pages = {S4632--S4642},

publisher = {Informa UK Limited},

abstract = {There is a long tradition of designers creating visions of technological futures. We contrast the properties of two related types of future envisionment, whose commonality is using `world building' to showcase or prototype technological concepts. We consider commercial visions that depict potential future products within possible future worlds, and by extending the concept of Vapourware we term these `Vapourworlds'. We contrast Vapourworlds with Design Fictions, a class of envisionment that inherits qualities of criticality and exploration from its familial antecedents' radical design and critical design. By comparing these two approaches we intend to shed light on both. Superficially these world building endeavours appear similar, yet under the surface an underlying difference in intentionality permeates the substance of both practices. We conclude with a position that by highlighting the contrasts between these practices, mutually beneficial insights become apparent.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{art-wachter_transparent_2017,

title = {Transparent, explainable, and accountable AI for robotics},

author = {Sandra Wachter and Brent Daniel Mittelstadt and Luciano Floridi},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscirobotics.aan6080},

doi = {10.1126/scirobotics.aan6080},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-05-31},

volume = {2},

number = {6},

publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)},

abstract = {To create fair and accountable AI and robotics, we need precise regulation and better methods to certify, explain, and audit inscrutable systems.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{art-aldrich_strategic_2017,

title = {Strategic culture as a constraint: intelligence analysis, memory and organizational learning in the social sciences and history},

author = {Richard J. Aldrich},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02684527.2017.1310977},

doi = {10.1080/02684527.2017.1310977},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-05-22},

volume = {32},

number = {5},

pages = {625--635},

publisher = {Informa UK Limited},

abstract = {Academics working on intelligence failure are famous for their pessimism. This paper is more optimistic and sees strategic culture as helpfully constraining the likely options of our enemies. It suggests that there is a wealth of innovative work here that we might exploit here to assist with strategic estimates and argues that it is puzzling that we have not tried to harness it before in a more programmatic way. It examines sets of different but related ideas about notions of strategic culture, historical analogies and social learning that have been developed by leading political scientists and then asks what they might contribute to improved intelligence analysis.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{art-lundbaek_optimizing_2016,

title = {Optimizing Governed Blockchains for Financial Process Authentications},

author = {Leif-Nissen Lundb\aek and Andrea Callia D'Iddio and Michael Huth},

url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1612.00407v2},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-05-16},

journal = {arxiv:1612.00407},

abstract = {We propose the formal study of governed blockchains that are owned and controlled by organizations and that neither create cryptocurrencies nor provide any incentives to solvers of cryptographic puzzles. We view such approaches as frameworks in which system parts, such as the cryptographic puzzle, may be instantiated with different technology. Owners of such a blockchain procure puzzle solvers as resources they control, and use a mathematical model to compute optimal parameters for the cryptographic puzzle mechanism or other parts of the blockchain. We illustrate this approach with a use case in which blockchains record hashes of financial process transactions to increase their trustworthiness and that of their audits. For Proof of Work as cryptographic puzzle, we develop a detailed mathematical model to derive MINLP optimization problems for computing optimal Proof of Work configuration parameters that trade off potentially conflicting aspects such as availability, resiliency, security, and cost in this governed setting. We demonstrate the utility of such a mining calculus by solving some instances of this problem. This experimental validation is strengthened by statistical experiments that confirm the validity of random variables used in formulating our mathematical model. We hope that our work may facilitate the creation of domain-specific blockchains for a wide range of applications such as trustworthy information in Internet of Things systems and bespoke improvements of legacy financial services.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}